Revista Eletrônica da ANPHLAC

From a place of memory of the victims to the memory around the perpetrators

Samuel Torres Bueno — 2024-12-23

Interview with Omar Sagredo-Mazuela

Mapuche autonomy and self-determination

Vinícius Valadão Gonçalves — 2024-12-23

In recent decades, several indigenous movements have strengthened throughout Latin America. Through globalization and the development of new technologies such as the Internet, these movements have managed to promote alternative means of communication to official media. The mapuche movement in Chile followed these new possibilities, creating the digital newsletter Mapuexpress, whose objective was to establish a space where the mapuche people could disseminate and access information about their communities independently. This environment operated in an open manner, allowing different sectors of the movement to publish their opinions on the website, which resulted in the formation of broad contact networks proposed to discuss, among other issues, indigenous rights related to autonomy and self-determination. In this way, we propose to analyze how this theme was elaborated and disseminated by sectors of the mapuche movement within the newsletter, understanding it, above all, from its plurality.

El Duelling Scientists

María de los Ángeles Picone — 2024-12-23

This article examines the debates between scientists who explored the Patagonian Andes in the context of the Chilean-Argentine border negotiations in the 1890s. Two of these figures, Hans Steffen (Chile) and Francisco Moreno (Argentina), produced reports, maps, and articles based on their findings. This scholarly production reveals a facet of border negotiations where scientists negotiated the borderline based on their analysis of the geography of the Andes. Scholarly debates underpinned the negotiations, but they also highlighted the narrow distance scientists navigated between their call to contribute to (Western) science and their loyalty to the governments that supported their explorations.

- Between speeches, images and political rituals

Bruno Romano Rodrigues — 2024-12-23

This article investigates the construction of the memory of the Cuban independence leader José Martí from January 1, 1959. To this end, we will analyze Fidel Castro's speeches, the image production and the political rituals organized by the State after the triumph of the Cuban Revolution. Amid the reinterpretation of the anti-colonial wars of the 19th century, Martí's memory was used by official political-ideological propaganda to retrospectively legitimize the guerrilla led by Castro in the 1950s, helping to consolidate the protagonism of M 26-7 within the scope of the old oppositions to the Fulgêncio Batista regime. In short, this article argues that Castro's government redefined the anti-colonial wars from the armed struggle of Sierra Maestra, especially the image of Martí, which ended up being “guerrillaized” in order to establish historical links between the 19th century mambises and the guerrillas of the 20th century.

¡Listos para vencer!

Renato Beschizza Valentin — 2024-12-23

In this article, we seek to analyze the history of public policies of sport during the management of José Llanusa Gobel at the head of the Instituto Nacional de Deportes, Educación Física y Recreación (INDER), between February 1961 and October 1965. We support our analysis on an empirical basis made up of the following sources: the Cuban legislation; the collection of the Salón del Deporte Cubano; United States government documents; Cuba press publications; and speeches of representatives of the revolutionary government. We conclude that the actions of the Cuban State in the field of sport between 1961 and 1965 were characterized by the complete nationalization of sport, the provision of sports infrastructure, the mobilization of sport volunteers, the massive application of physical fitness tests, the association between sport and education, the training of specialized professionals and the creation of a sports material industry.

Nos limites da etnogênese e suas consequências analíticas: sobre porque é necessário reconsiderar as ontologias indígenas na História

Fabrício Ferreira de Lema — 2024-12-23

The aim of this text is to establish an overview of the production concerning Indigenous History over the past 30 years. Its purpose was to establish a typological and heuristic separation between two major interpretative currents: the first, linked to processualism and post-processualism approaches that were particularly affected by debates relating to ethnogenesis and its developments; the second, grouping works intersected by issues whose plane of immanence consists of questions originating from the structural approach. This exercise of contraposition, aims to establish comparisons, which are intended to indicate some of the interpretative limits arising from the first current of thought. At the end of the essay, we consider the points raised throughout the text to reflect on the specific case of the Chaco in the 18th century, in an attempt to demonstrate the need for analytical care with indigenous concepts and notions when problematizing the reading of colonial sources.

Three imperial languagens in the Cortes of Cádiz and Madrid (1810-1823)

Lucas Chnaiderman — 2024-12-23

This article analyzes the concept of Empire based on its use by Spanish deputies between 1810 and 1823. The objective of this study is to demonstrate how the Empire had different meanings during the crisis of the Ancien Spanish regime. Despite being a consolidated word in contemporary political vocabulary, Empire had variously layered spaces of history and, like a series of other concepts, was in an accelerated process of change during a revolutionary era. Using the cases of Borrull, Canga Argüelles and Alcalá Galiano, it is possible to perceive multiple meanings for the concept and how its use carried different world views, as well as different horizons of planning. With these reflections, it is possible to better understand the history of America as part of the construction of a new political and social vocabulary, in which Empire assumed a central role in the political reorganization of the contemporary world.

A extrema direita ganha a cena política: os Estados Unidos na virada dos séculos XX ao XXI.

Mary Anne Junqueira — 2024-12-23

Originally prepared for the Closing Conference of the ANPHLAC Congress, in July 2024, this paper discusses some elements that led to the right wing extremism, in the United States, to leave the margins to assume the center of the political scene in the 21st century. Among them, in a global scale, a neoliberalism crise stand out. On a national level, the growth of far-right militias and the emergence of the Tea Party that took over the Republican Party, leading the rise of the far-right and paving the way for Donald Trump to become president of the country.

Apresentação Dossiê “Ensinar História das Américas: Desafios, Práticas e Intervenções”

Flávia Preto de Godoy Oliveira — 2024-12-23

Apresentação

Avançar o ensino de História das Américas: dados, práticas e desafios contemporâneos

Luis Cerri — 2024-12-23

The text addresses the teaching of History in the Americas, highlighting curricular diversity and the challenges faced in educational institutions. The first part emphasizes the importance of historical knowledge about Latin America and the need to transform the current teaching situation through research activities that connect the local and regional reality to other Latin American contexts. The second part analyzes the diversity of the History curriculum in the different Latin American countries, highlighting the need for a more contextualized and inclusive approach. Finally, the third part comparatively assesses historical learning and interest in studying the history of other countries among students from Brazil, Argentina, Mexico and Chile. The main conclusions include the interconnection between the struggle for history teaching and the defense of public schools, the need for inclusion of diverse perspectives, criticism of curriculum guidelines that emphasize rivalries, the importance of research to understand and improve teaching, and the interventions in public educational policies to advance the teaching of History of the Americas.

O Ensino da Guerra do Paraguai nos Livros Escolares

Pedro Gustavo Aubert — 2024-12-23

Teaching about the Paraguayan War has been a part of Brazilian school education since the 19th century, conveying the views of contemporary authors on the facts. In the academic sphere, such readings began to be challenged in the 1960s, with the so-called “revisionism”. Revisionism was present in Brazilian teaching materials throughout the 1980s and 1990s. In the 2000s, with new approaches that challenged revisionism, new historiographical readings reached elementary and high school textbooks. In 2017, there was a major structural reform of high school education that pulverized various human sciences content into interdisciplinary training itineraries. However, the reform undertaken, which was the target of much criticism, did not change the historiographical approach to the subject. Materials for both elementary and high school education, from both public and private schools, present students with different views on the Paraguayan War with the aim of stimulating critical thinking.

O Populismo Latino-americano nas páginas de obras didáticas: uma análise acerca do Ensino de HIstória da América no Brasil

Ivan Lima Gomes — 2024-12-23

The profound changes proposed by the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) for the teaching of history in schools continue to be the subject of historiographical research. One way to map the impact of the debates it proposes is through textbooks, since they materialise the disciplinary code (FERNÁNDEZ, 2009) and are important resources for shaping History as a school subject. From this perspective, the general objective of the article was to understand the presence of the history of the Americas in basic education, as outlined by the BNCC. To this end, the analysis focused on textbook discussions of the notion of populism and its characterisation in Latin America. We examined four collections of human and social sciences textbooks from Editora Moderna, approved by the National Textbooks and Teaching Materials Program 2021 (PNLD). Throughout the analysis, we explored comparisons between the narratives constructed by the collections, as well as their adherence to interpretations of what has historically constituted the history of the Americas for Brazilian students. Finally, the debate on populism in textbooks, based on the BNCC, suggests an instrumentalised use of the concept in the light of contemporary political discourse. The consequences include the persistence of interpretations that emphasise manipulation and the prominence of charismatic leadership in textbooks, thereby silencing the political agency of other Latin American social actors, such as women and workers.

As independências na sala de aula: reflexões e propostas sobre um desconforto docente

Marcus Vinícius de Morais — 2024-12-23

Most teachers find it difficult to work with the independence movements of the Latin America in their classrooms, while in many schools the history of America is a theme little studied and often ignored. The complex process of separation of the former Spanish colonies involved a series of concepts such as nation and identity, the Enlightenment, public opinion, historical resentment, and the construction of liberation heroes. More than theorical debates or historiographical analyses, this essay proposes a reflection on teaching practices, offering new themes and a few teaching strategies. Furthermore, this essay also intends to broaden the perception about the analysis of well-known documents, such as the Jamaica Letter, while suggesting new sources, like the periodical press and iconography, and an examination of the relations between the Portuguese and the Spanish Americas.

Interpreting historical subjects

Alexandre Firmo dos Santos — 2024-12-23

The purpose of this article is to present and explain the feasibility of using RPGs in History classes, more precisely, in content involving the Americas. To this end, we will focus on the case in which RPG concepts were “adapted” to the specific content of this field of study, namely: The colonization of the Americas, with emphasis on the first voyage of Christopher Columbus (1492). We made use of a specific bibliography on the subject in order to better explain the object being researched. In this way, we observed that RPGs allow interaction between those who participate and contribute to the gameplay.

A circulação do ensino mútuo entre a Europa e as Américas na época das Independências (1810-1830)

Valdir Donizete dos Santos Junior — 2024-12-23

Resenha a OLIVATO, Laís. A educação nas independências da América: a circulação do plano de ensino mútuo (1810-1830). Jundiaí: Paco, 2023, 392 p.

Disputas, Negociações e Historicidade: Políticas Culturais na América Latina dos séculos XX e XXI

Maria Luiza Franca Ramalho — 2024-12-23

Resenha de Políticas culturais na América Latina: entre conflitos e negociações, livro organizado pelas historiadoras Mariana Martins Villaça, Natália Ayo Schmiedecke e Tânia da Costa Garcia.

Expediente

Alexandre Guilherme da Cruz Alves Junior — 2024-12-23

Expediente