O Populismo Latino-americano nas páginas de obras didáticas: uma análise acerca do Ensino de HIstória da América no Brasil

Abstract

The profound changes proposed by the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) for the teaching of history in schools continue to be the subject of historiographical research. One way to map the impact of the debates it proposes is through textbooks, since they materialise the disciplinary code (FERNÁNDEZ, 2009) and are important resources for shaping History as a school subject. From this perspective, the general objective of the article was to understand the presence of the history of the Americas in basic education, as outlined by the BNCC. To this end, the analysis focused on textbook discussions of the notion of populism and its characterisation in Latin America. We examined four collections of human and social sciences textbooks from Editora Moderna, approved by the National Textbooks and Teaching Materials Program 2021 (PNLD). Throughout the analysis, we explored comparisons between the narratives constructed by the collections, as well as their adherence to interpretations of what has historically constituted the history of the Americas for Brazilian students. Finally, the debate on populism in textbooks, based on the BNCC, suggests an instrumentalised use of the concept in the light of contemporary political discourse. The consequences include the persistence of interpretations that emphasise manipulation and the prominence of charismatic leadership in textbooks, thereby silencing the political agency of other Latin American social actors, such as women and workers.